Kołdras M., Mejza T., 1983. Effects of quantity and quality of carp sperm on egg fertilisation success. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 13 (2): 83-92.

During the artificial spawning, the carp (Cypririus carpio L.) eggs were fertilised with sperm added in various volumetric and quantitative proportions and assessed in terms of spermatozoa motility. The spermatozoa/egg ratio was based on spermatozoa densities in each sample. The analysis of the fertilisation success served to verify conditions crucial to the artificial fertilisation of carp. The results obtained show the percentage of fertilised eggs to increase with increasing number of spermatozoa per 1 egg, provided the spermatozoa are performing the progressive movement.